| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.098 | Pharm Sci Asia 2022; 49(5), 454-463 |
Characterization and in vivo assay of chitosan alginate microencapsulation to deliver the combination of HBcAg and HBsAg as a hepatitis B oral vaccine candidateNurlaili Ekawati1,2, Mohamad Taufik2, Apon Zaenal Mustopa1*, Ari Estuningtyas3, Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar4, Ai Hertati1, Maritsa Nurfatwa1, Djadjat Tisnadjaja6, Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi5
1 Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
2 Master Programme in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
4 Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
6 Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
Chronic hepatitis B infection is one of main factors of cirrhosis primary cause, which can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Medically, there are various disadvantages associated with administering hepatitis B vaccine through injection, include pain, reduced patient compliance, higher production costs, and inadequate mass vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an oral vaccine. This study aims to develop and characterize oral vaccine through combination of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) encapsulated within chitosan alginate. The vaccine formula was prepared by ionic gelation method that consists of HBcAg (marked as MPS) and a combination of HBcAg and HBsAg (which is marked as MPC) microparticles. Examined parameters include loading efficacy, particle characteristics, anti-HBcAg immune response, ALT & AST, and liver histology. It was found that loading efficacy of MPS and MPC were 82.5±9.57 and 75.0±11.78%. The mean particle size (Z-average), polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential of MPS and MPC were 4,869±739 nm and 8,712±2,110 nm, 0.32±0.032 and 0.37±0.088, -7.50±1.82 mV and -2.10±1.59 mV, respectively. The Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) started forming on the 35th day after first vaccination. The results show that both AST and ALT serum were in normal range. Therefore, antigen dose given in this study had no pathological effects on liver histology. Furthermore, based on its parameters such as loading efficacy, PdI, zeta potential, particle size, FTIR, and formation of HBcAb from the 35th day after vaccination, it concluded that combination of HBcAg and HBsAg is safely encapsulated within microparticles (MP) chitosan alginate.
Keyword:
Combination of HBcAg and HBsAg, Chitosan alginate encapsulation, Oral vaccine, Hepatitis B
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