Toxicological Evaluation of Solanum trilobatum L. Fruit ExtractS. Thongpraditchote, W. Hanchanga, Y. Wongkrajang1, R. Temsiririrkkul and K. Atisuk
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Solanum trilobatum L. (Thai name: Mawaeng krueo) is a shrub of the family Solanaceae. Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of S. trilobatum fruit in rodents. The present study was performed to evaluate acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of this ethanolic extract in rodents. A primary skin irritation test was also examined in rabbits. Oral acute toxicity of the extract at a fixed dose of 5 g/kg body weight was investigated in both sexes of mice and rats. No deaths or abnormalities in clinical signs were observed. There was no significant difference in the body weight between the control and treated animals. Thus, the median lethal dose (LD50) of this extract was greater than 5 g/kg for oral administration in rats and mice. In 28-day repeated administration study, male and female rats were given a daily oral dose of 1.0 g/kg body weight for 28 days. All animals survived throughout the duration of the study, with no evidence of treatment-related toxicity. The analysis of body weight gain, clinical observations, blood chemistry and hematological parameters did not show significant differences between the control and treated groups. Most of the histopathological findings were not statistically significant different from those of the control group. Although, we observed a focal necrosis in the heart of a male rat in the treated group, this was presumed not to be treatment-related pathological change in that animal. In preliminary irritation study, the ethanolic extract of S. trilobatum fruit produced no irritation on the skin in rabbits after immediate application and at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Keyword:
Solanum trilobatum, Toxicity, Skin irritation
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