| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2025.01.24.AB0610 | Pharm Sci Asia 2025; 52(1), 74-86 |
Phytochemical Analysis and Gel Formulation Development from Ethanol-based Terminalia catappa Linn. Red Leaf Extract in Thailand: Impact on Stability and Release PropertiesNilubon Chinprasoet1, Sunee Chansakaow1, Patthanakorn Jaiturong2, Panee Sirisa-ard1, Nachtharinee Laosirisathian3,*
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiangmai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand
2
Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Entrepreneurial Science Ayothaya, Ayutthaya, Thailand
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chaing Mai, Thailand
Terminalia catappa Linn., commonly known as Hu-Kwang, is prevalent in Thailand and other tropical regions, drawing significant attention for its medicinal properties. It is notably effective against arthritis, dermatitis, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the phytochemical composition of Terminalia catappa Linn. red leaf extract and formulate it into a gel for potential therapeutic applications. Terminalia catappa Linn. red leaf extracts was obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus with 95% ethanol. Subsequently, the crude extract underwent a comprehensive analysis utilizing thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques to identify its phytochemical constituents. A gel formulation containing the extract was developed as a main part of this study. The evaluation of all formulations involved a thorough assessment of their stability properties over three months at 4 C, including the determination of total phenolic content, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and various physical characteristics. Additionally, the release kinetics of bioactive compounds from the gel formulations were examined using Franz static diffusion cells with cellophane membranes. Analysis of the TLC chromatogram revealed the presence of key phytochemicals such as quercetin, ursolic acid, and gallic acid in the Terminalia catappa Linn. red leaf extract. Further quantification through HPLC revealed concentrations of gallic acid, quercetin, and ellagic acid at 2.577, 0.708, and 3.920 mg/g, respectively. Notably, among the tested formulations, the one without enhancers demonstrated optimal attributes by manifesting a sustained release of bioactive compounds over 24 hours and maintaining stability for an extended duration. This study represents a significant advancement in understanding the phytochemical composition of Terminalia catappa Linn. red leaf extract and highlights the potential of its gel formulation as a therapeutic agent, offering stable release of bioactive compounds with total phenolic content and antioxidant property.
Keyword:
Terminalia catappa Linn.; phytochemical analysis; high-performance liquid chromatography; gel formulation; release property; stability test
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