| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2026.01.25.7532 | Pharm Sci Asia 2026; 53(1), 57-68 |
Anxiolytic activity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) fruit extract: in vivo and in silico studyFransiska Maria Christianty*, Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni, Fitrotun Khasanah, Diana Holidah, Ika Puspita Dewi, Fifteen Aprila Fajrin
- Preclinical Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy-University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan I No. 2 Jember, East Java, Indonesia
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) contains piperine, which exhibits several pharmacological activities, including anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. This study aimed to determine the anxiolytic activity of black pepper extract (BPE) in vivo and in silico. Fifty mice were prepared for the anxiolytic activities test using the mouse rotarod and forced swimming test (FST). The volatile compounds of BPE were analysed with GC-MS and then tested for anxiolytic activity in silico. BPE at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW reduced rotarod fall time and increased %MPE, producing values of 61 ± 26.578 and 51.67 ± 29.155 at 120 minutes, which were comparable to alprazolam (61.35 ± 20.394; p=1.000 and p=0.602). In the FST, BPE at both doses significantly increased immobility time (166 ± 7.616 and 177.8 ± 21.218 s) compared to the control group (100 ± 23.270 s), with p = 0.002 and p < 0.001. Apart from piperine, Germacrene D, (+)-delta-Cadinene, 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1aα,4aα,7β,7aβ,7bα)]- in BPE has been proven to have potential anxiolytic activity based on in silico tests. In conclusion, BPE, with its various secondary metabolite contents, could be a promising candidate for further development as an anxiolytic agent.
Keyword:
Black pepper extract; Piperine; Anxiolytic; In vivo; In silico
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