| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2025.02.24.2162 | Pharm Sci Asia 2025; 52(2), 194-205 |
Targeting Inflammation with Vitex negundo Essential Oil Nanoemulsion: In-Vitro and In-Vivo InvestigationShanti Bhushan Mishra1,*, Krishnadhar Dwivedi2, Amit Kumar Singh2, Shradhanjali Singh3
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, United Institute of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutics, United Institute of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, India
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, United Institute of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, India
Nirgundi oil, an essential natural oil obtained by steam distillation of Vitex negundo leaves, exhibits significant biological effects in preventing various types of inflammation and pain. This study aimed to develop Nirgundi oil-loaded nanoemulsions to test their anti-inflammatory effects through in-vitro and in-vivo models. The nine developed nanoemulsions were assessed for various physicochemical parameters including pH, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), mean droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and refractive index (RI). The Optimized nanoemulsion(NF5) had a mean droplet size (53.44 ± 0.69 nm), PDI (0.35 ± 0.02), and ZP (–31.9 mV). TEM micrographs of the NF5 nanoemulsion droplets revealed that they were spherical in shape with smooth surfaces. Moreover, the in- vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the optimized nanoemulsion (NF5) showed 78.65 ± 1.032 % and 58.48 ± 1.056 % inhibition of hypotonic solution induced hemolysis and heat induced hemolysis respectively at a concentration of 200 µg/ml. Compared with standard and control treatments, NF5 had significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced inflammation (p˂0.0001), and cotton pellet granulomas (p˂0.0001) in a dose dependent manner. The VNEO nanoemulsion exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and could be utilized for managing inflammatory conditions with improved bioavailability.
Keyword:
Anti-inflammatory;Cotton pellet granuloma;Hemolysis; Nanoemulsion; Nirgundi oil; Vitex Negundo
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