Effects of COX-2 Inhibitor on the Proliferation of MCF-7 and LTED MCF-7 CellsK. Poemsantitham, N. Sookvanichsilp* and W. Leelamanit
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Inflammation is now considered as well-established cancer risk factor. Breast cancer is common among women especially after menopause, suggesting that estrogen deprived tissues are sensitive to estrogen exposure. In many cancers, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes are highly expressed. Since COX inhibitors possess anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of COX enzymes resulting in inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, they may play a role as antitumor agents. This study was performed in vitro and aimed to investigate the effect of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and long-term estrogen deprived (LTED) MCF-7 cells. LTED MCF-7 cells used in the present study were wild-type MCF-7 cells being cultured over a prolonged period in estrogen-free medium for at least 3 months. The effect of celecoxib at concentrations of 10-10 to 10-4 M on the proliferation of MCF-7 and LTED MCF-7 cells was assessed on day 2 and day 6 of incubation using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Morphological features of these cells were visualized on day 2 of incubation after Ho33342 staining and apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation. The results indicated that celecoxib at higher concentrations could exhibit antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 and LTED MCF-7 cells in a similar manner. Celecoxib at the highest concentration (10-4 M) could markedly induce apoptosis. This study provides the in vitro evidence to support the beneficial effect of COX-2 inhibitors against breast tumors whether or not at the estrogen-deprived stage.
Keyword:
aspirin, celecoxib, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, Proliferation, MCF-7, LTED, Inflammation, cancer risk factor, prostaglandin
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