| DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/mujps.2015.18 | Pharm Sci Asia 2015; 42(3), 144-152 |
In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of a Thai traditional formula, Rid-si-duang-ma-ha-kan, for hemorrhoid treatmentS. Klinthong1, R. Khammanit2, S. Phornchirasilp2, R. Temsiririrkkul3, N. Siriwatanametanon3*
1 Master of Science Program in Plant Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Rid-si-duang-ma-ha-kan (RSDM), a Thai traditional formula, has been used for hemorrhoids treatment in Thai hospitals for many years but evidence is limited. This formula consists of twenty two plants in equal proportions. The formula was extracted with 80% ethanol and concentrated to dryness under pressure and controlled temperature. The crude ethanol extract in various concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of the RSDM formula and its component plants were also evaluated using DPPH, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. It was found that the extract of the RSDM formula at 50 mg/kg, per oral, showed significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on granuloma formation comparable to indomethacin, a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (5 mg/kg). Among all the component plants extracts, Terminalia chebula Retz., Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.–Ham.) Sweet and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl exhibited more potent DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.4, 5.2, and 8.0 ?g/ml, respectively) than that of Trolox and rutin (IC50 = 8.9 and 22.9 ?g/ml, respectively). In the lipid peroxidation test, Myristica fragrans Houtt. (seed), Myristica fragrans Houtt. (aril), Terminalia chebula, Cinnamomum bejolghota and Zingiber officinale Roscoe showed stronger activity (IC50 = 1.3, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, and 2.7 ?g/ml, respectively) than that of Trolox and rutin (IC50 = 4.1 and 68.7, respectively). Furthermore, Terminalia chebula had the highest total phenolic content (34.3 mg GAE/g), followed by Cinnamomum bejolghota (27.1 mg GAE/g) and Cinnamomum verum (21.4 mg GAE/g), respectively.
Keyword:
Rid-si-duang-ma-ha-kan, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant activity, Phenolic content, Hemorrhoids, Traditional medicine
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