| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2025.01.24.AB0976 | Pharm Sci Asia 2025; 52(1), 65-73 |
Immunomodulatory Activity of SNEDDS (Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) Alang-Alang Roots Extract (Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv.)Aji Winanta1,*, Perdana Priya Haresmita2, Ira Anggreani1, Hari Widada3, Rifki Febriansah1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Magelang, Indonesia
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemisrty, Faculty of Medicial and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
The root of alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv.) is an herbal plant with various pharmacological activities. Dayak people in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, believe a decoction of alang-alang roots can increase immunity. The development of nanoparticles is the right solution to increase absorption and drug potential. One of the methods in manufacturing nanoparticles is using Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). The study aimed to know the potential of alang-alang roots as immunomodulatory agents formulated in the form of SNEDDS. Alang-alang roots were extracted using the maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, the ethanol extract of alang-alang root was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). SNEDDS test of alang-alang root extract included transmittance test, emulsification time test, nanoemulsion droplet size test, Polydispersity Index (PDI), pH test, viscosity test, centrifugation test, nanoemulsion stability test, and immunomodulatory activity test. An immunomodulatory activity test was conducted in vitro on macrophage phagocytosis activity and lymphocyte proliferation. The results of compound identification using GC-MS showed 82 peak compounds, with the most significant percentage of compounds being cis-13-Octadecenoic (oleic acid), which amounted to 22.73%, and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural at 17.38%. The SNEEDS formula test results showed that the SNEDDS formulation of alang-alang root extract obtained transmittance results with a percentage of >90%, emulsification time <1 minute, droplet size <100 nm, particle distribution Formula 1 in the polydisperse category while Formula 2 and Formula 3 in the monodispersion category, pH in the range of 5-6, viscosity in the range of 422.4 - 447.6 cP and stable test results without any phase separation and physical condition changes. SNEDDS administration of alang-alang root extract has immunostimulant activity on macrophage phagocytosis activity and lymphocyte cell proliferation. Therefore, the formulation of alang-alang root SNEDDS has the potential to immunomodulator activity.
Keyword:
Alang-alang root, SNEDDS, immunomodulator, in vitro
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