| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2025.01.24.AB0701 | Pharm Sci Asia 2025; 52(1), 44-54 |
Preparation of sustained release naproxen sodium loaded microcapsules from alginate and chitosan through experimental designLe Minh Quan1,*, Tra Thi Nhat1, Do Hoang Han1, Tran Le Tuyet Chau1, Nguyen Cong Phi1, Le Hau1, Le Quan Nghiem1
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Naproxen sodium is used as an alternative therapy for arthritis. Though it is administered intra-articular to increase drug concentration in the joint and maximize local effects, naproxen tends to diffuse quickly into the bloodstream. Thus, developing a sustained-release drug delivery system for this application is essential. The study aimed to optimize the parameters to produce microcapsules structured by naproxen encapsulated in an alginate core and coated with a chitosan outer shell. The achieved microcapsules should have the desired size, encapsulated efficiency, and drug release profile in a sustained manner. The cores were prepared using the emulsification method. The preparation was optimized using response surface methodology (Design Expert software v13.0). Independent parameters include alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, stabilizer concentration, and stirring speed. The microcapsules were produced by immersing the formerly optimized cores into chitosan solutions. The chitosan concentration, stirring conditions, and immersion duration were investigated. The cores and the microcapsules were evaluated in terms of mean size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release. The investigated parameters had simultaneous effects on the alginate core properties. It is determined that the preparation using sodium alginate 4%; calcium chloride 10%, polysorbate 10%, span 10%, and stirring speed at 7200 rpm resulted in optimum core with mean size 6.01 ± 0.51 µm, encapsulation efficiency at 18.03 ± 0.97%. As the cores were immersed into chitosan 1.0% solution at pH 5.0, stirring at 1500 rpm for 30 mins, an outer shell of chitosan would be formed, yielding the microcapsules with a mean size of 7.50 ± 0.16 µm, encapsulation efficiency 14.7 ± 0.52%, and a complete drug release following sustained manner in 24 hours. The optimized conditions for preparing microcapsules containing naproxen sodium from alginate and chitosan were identified. The results of this study can contribute to developing the micro-size drug delivery system.
Keyword:
naproxen sodium, microcapsules, alginate, chitosan, response surface methodology
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