Factorial Design Applied to Subcritical Water Extraction for the Investigation of Flavonoids and Antioxidant Capacity of Gynura calciphila KerrO. Anurukvorakun*
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The aim of this work was to study of antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid content of Gynura calciphila using different extraction procedures. An environmental kindly technique, subcritical water extraction (SWE), was compared to the traditional extraction (ethanolic extract). The results revealed that quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, was found as a major component in both extraction procedures. The use of SWE provided higher quercetin content and antioxidant activity. Quercetin content by SWE and traditional extraction were 44.6 ?g/ml and 35.1 ?g/ml, respectively. The EC50 (effective concentration, 50%) of SWE and traditional extraction were 508 and 518 ?g/ml, respectively. Additionally, potential factors affecting SWE (temperature, extraction time and material ratio) were investigated their influence and interaction on the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid content using full factorial design. Results from factorial design provided good model equations for the prediction of SWE condition on the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid content. The equations indicate that temperature is the most significant factor of SWE technique on the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid content. This work demonstrated the traditional time-consuming techniques for 12 hours of the extraction of flavonoids could be substituted for the SWE technique within 1 hour. Most of all, SWE is an alternative procedure for consumer safety.
Keyword:
Subcritical water, Antioxidant activity, Gynura calciphila Kerr, Factorial design
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