| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2026.04.26.11335 | Pharm Sci Asia 2026; 53(4), 556-566 |
Uncaria gambir extract nanoparticles inhibit lung fibrosis progression in a bleomycin-induced rat model: A histopathological studyLukman N Rahman1, Gondo Mastutik2*, Anny S Rahaju2, Dyah Fauziah2, Nanik S Aminah3,4, Aditya S Sari2, Heru F Trianto5.
1 Master Program of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60132.
2 Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60132
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
4 Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
5 Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by the thickening of alveolar walls due to excessive accumulation of fibrotic tissue within various lung structures, ultimately leading to progressive respiratory failure and mortality. Current therapeutic options for PF are limited and primarily aim to slow disease progression. These drugs have significant limitations, including adverse effects and lack of survival benefit. Uncaria gambir Roxb. has demonstrated antifibrotic effects through NF-KB and TGF-β signaling pathways. Nanoparticle delivery systems improve stability and controlled release. This study aimed to evaluate the antifibrotic effects of Uncaria gambir extract nanoparticles (G-NPs) through histopathological assessment. Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 5 per group): two groups as control and treatment groups receiving G-NPs (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW)). Bleomycin (1.5 mg/kg) was administered intratracheally on day 0 to induce PF. All parameters were assessed using digital pathology with slide imaging and analyzed using QuPath® software. Treatment with G-NPs at a dose of 200mg/kg BW exhibited the most pronounced therapeutic effect, reducing the percentage of lung injury, lung injury score, interalveolar septal thickness, percentage of collagen deposition in lung tissue, and Ashcroft score. These improvements were significantly enhanced relative to the 50 and 100 mg/kg BW doses (p < 0.001). Treatment with G-NPs (200 mg/kg BW) demonstrated the greatest histological improvement in reducing the progression of lung fibrosis, indicating the antifibrotic potential of G-NPs.
Keyword:
Chronic respiratory diseases; Histopathology; Pulmonary fibrosis; Uncaria gambir
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