| DOI: 10.29090/psa.2024.03.24.AP0947 | Pharm Sci Asia 2024; 51(3), 282-291 |
Chemical Composition and Potential Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Camellia flava (Pitard) Sealy LeavesTruong Minh Nhut1, Nguyen Hoang Thao My2, Pham The Long2, Nguyen Duc Tuan2, Nguyen Huu Lac Thuy2*
1 Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Golden camellia is a group of herbal materials belonging to the Camellia genus which was utilized as a refreshing and heat-clearing beverage, for treating diarrhea, and as a supportive treatment for cancer. In this current study, we aimed to analyze the chemical composition of Camellia flava (Pitard) Sealy and evaluate its cytotoxic effects. Camellia flava leaf was extracted exhaustedly with 70% ethanol. The total ethanolic extract was then partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate extract (CFLEA). The chemical composition of CFLEA were analyzed using GC-MS method. Next, the network pharmacological studies were conducted to investigate the anti-cancer mechanisms. Finally, cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT staining method. A total of 16 phytochemical compounds in CFLEA were found by GC-MS analysis. The molecular docking results indicated that PRKCB and MAPK9 were the two proteins with the strongest binding affinity to the compounds 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran (-7.7 and -8.2 kcal/mol) and (E)-3,3’-dimethoxy-4,4’-dihydroxystilbene (-7.5 and -7.5 kcal/mol). The primary anti-cancer pathways of CFLEA may be the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathway, the classical MAP kinase pathway, and the calcium signaling pathway. Finally, CFLEA exhibited cytotoxicity on breast and liver cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 318.92 ± 12.27 and 291.69 ± 19.97 𝜇g/mL, respectively. A total of 16 plant-derived compounds in CFLEA were identified and their structures were determined using GC-MS. The JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathway, classical MAP kinase pathway, and calcium signaling pathway could be the main pathways through which CFLEA exerted its inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. Lastly, CFLEA demonstrated significant cytotoxicity and exhibited potent inhibitory effects.
Keyword:
Camellia flava (Pitard) Sealy; chemical composition; cytotoxic effect; GC-MS; network pharmacology
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